International Energy Investment Law
| Författare: | Cameron Peter |
| Titel: | International Energy Investment Law |
| Utgivningsår: | 2010 |
| Omfång: | 499 sid. |
| Förlag: | Oxford University Press |
| ISBN: | 9780199545230 |
| Produkttyp: | Inbunden |
| Ämnesord: | Internationell rätt , Miljörätt , Krediträtt |
Pris: 1829 SEK exkl. moms 
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| Long term contracts have been used in the international petroleum industry since its earliest days. However, they have been prone to unilateral revision by host governments in countries where the petroleum reserves are located. In the 1970s a wave of nationalisations and contract renegotiations led to a number of much cited arbitral awards and significant changes in contracting practice in the international petroleum industry. Recently, it has become clear that a new wave of unilateral state action is taking place in the international petroleum industry, most evidently in Latin America and Russia. These developments increase the tempo of a long-term process in which the exposure of largely privately owned Western energy companies to unilateral state action has been increasing. The book asks: how have legal processes and instruments developed to mitigate that growing exposure, and why have they had so little success? This monograph examines and assesses the variety of legal instruments from international and commercial law that have been designed to promote stability in long-term contracts in the international energy industry (including dedicated contract provisions, bilateral investment treaties and multilateral treaty instruments). It covers both energy production and networks involving large-scale fixed infrastructure. It pays particular attention to their practical impact through an analysis of their enforcement by arbitration tribunals and bodies, such as the ICSID, the ICC and the LCIA. The book also examines the growing challenges presented by environmental and 'social' risk to the stability of long-term agreements. The book's approach is both analytical and historical, locating legal instruments and enforcement awards in their context, discussing their origins and purpose. - An analytical assessment of the range of energy stabilisation instruments - Reviews the effectiveness of stabilisation instruments and examines the enforcement of such instruments by international arbitration tribunals - Analyses all known arbitration cases that concern expropriation in the energy sector in recent years - Extended treatment of the Energy Charter Treaty and the arbitrators under it Contents: 1. The Origins of Tensions in Long-term Energy Agreements 2. The Mechanisms for Stability and their Uses 3. Enforcement Mechanisms 4. Environmental Challenges 5. Social Risk 6. Case Study: Latin America 7. Case Study: Russia vs. Kazakhstan 8. Can Stability be Achieved? |