 This book focuses on investment arbitrations in Eastern Europe, and in particular on the concept of expropriation—the core of the law of protection of foreign investment. This treatise brings together in one volume awards rendered in a geographic area where investment disputes have arisen frequently - Eastern Europe. The author, having being counsel or arbitrator in all the arbitral awards commented on in this work, is in a unique position for stocktaking of, and reflection on, developments in this dynamic and growing area of arbitration.
Contents:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
INTRODUCTION
I. Background
II. Expropriation
1. Introduction
2. Indirect Expropriation
III. Current State of International Law with Respect to Expropriation
1. Introduction
2. Rules of Attribution
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Applicability of the ILC Articles
2.3 General Rules of Attribution
2.4 Attribution and Federal States
3. The International Minimum Standard
3.1 Public Purpose
3.2 Non-Discrimination (National Treatment)
3.3 Compensation
IV. Bilateral Investment Protection Treaties
1. Introduction
2. The Sedelmayer Case
2.1 The Background
2.2 The Dispute
2.3 Comments
3. The 1998 Financial Crisis in Russia
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Measures Taken by the Russian Federation
3.3 Do the Measures Amount to Expropriation?
4. The Tradex Case
4.1 The Background
4.2 The Dispute
4.3 Comments
5. The Land Use Permit Case
5.1 The Background
5.2 The Dispute
5.3 Comments
6. The SwemBalt Case
6.1 The Background
6.2 The Dispute
6.3 Comments
7. Golden Shares in Russia Companies
7.1 The Background
7.2 Do Golden Shares Constitute Indirect Expropriation?
8. The Estonian Bank Licence Case
8.1 The Background
8.2 The Dispute
8.3 Comments
9. The Lauder Cases
9.1 The Background
9.2 The Dispute
9.3 The Stockholm Award
9.4 The London Award
9.5 Comments
10. The Moldovan Case
10.1 The Background
10.2 The Dispute
10.3 Comments
11. The Ukrainian Case
11.1 The Background
11.2 The Dispute
11.3 Comments
12. The Refinery Case
12.1 The Background
12.2 The Dispute
12.3 Comments
13. The Romanian Case
13.1 The Background
13.2 The Dispute
13.3 Comments
V. The Energy Charter Treaty
1. Introduction
2. The First ECT Arbitral Award
2.1 The Background
2.2 The Dispute
2.3 Comments
3. The Second ECT Arbitral Award
3.1 The Background
3.2 The Dispute
3.3 Comments
VI. Concluding Remarks
Index
Appendices on CD-ROM
Appendix 1 - Sedelmayer v. Russian Federation
Appendix 2 - Tradex v. Republic of Albania
Appendix 3 - SwemBalt AB v. Republic of Latvia
Appendix 4 - Genin v. Republic of Estonia
Appendix 5 - Lauder v. Czech Republic
Appendix 6 - CME v. Czech Republic
Appendix 7 - Link - Trading v. Republic of Moldova
Appendix 8 - Generation Ukraine, Inc. v. Republic of Ukraine
Appendix 9 - The Refinery Case
Appendix 10 - Noble Ventures, Inc. v. Republic of Romania
Appendix 11 - Nykomb v. Republic of Latvia
Appendix 12 - Petrobart Ltd. v. Kyrgyz Republic |
